Endocrine Abstracts

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Sustained mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) signalling promotes cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, which ultimately leads to cardiac failure. While the clinical use of MR antagonists are protective in cardiac disease, hyperkaelemia, and other off target effects have limited their use. In order to identify key MR-dependent mechanisms of heart disease progression that are distinct to normal renal electrolyte control, we have developed a series of tissue selective MR null animal mo...

Aim: To study trends in presentation and management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at a rural referral centre, to ultimately assist with development of a formal management protocol.Methods: A retrospective audit of medical records for all presentations of DKA over a two year period was conducted to source age of patient, distance from Orange Health Service, new onset vs known type 1 diabetes mellitus, initial pH, time to normalisation of ketones, any epi...

Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder associating pubertal failure with congenital absent or impaired sense of smell. KS is related to defective neuronal development affecting both the migration of olfactory nerve endings and GnRH neurons. The discovery of several genetic mutations responsible for KS led to the identification of signaling pathways involved in these processes, but the mutations so far identified account for only 30–40% of cases of KS. We attempted t...

Objective: To review the first reported cases of successfully treated pheochromocytoma and primary aldosteronism and document the diagnostic and therapeutic advances that have occurred since the initial descriptions.Methods: The original case descriptions and the subsequent pertinent literature were reviewed.Results: The successful management of the initial cases of pheochromocytoma in 1926 and primary aldosteronism in 1954 was hig...

Objective: To present 2 difficult adrenal cases in an interactive computer-based CPC format.Methods: The history of present illness will be presented for 2 patients: i) A 24-year-old woman who is 13 weeks pregnant presenting with spells and marked hypertension; ii) A 56-year-old man with hypertension, hypokalemia, and renal insufficiency. For the details of these cases, please see the Meet-the-expert handbook.Results: The attendees...

The evaluation and treatment of pheochromocytoma and primary aldosteronism have evolved dramatically since these two forms of endocrine hypertension were first detected and treated in 1926 and 1954, respectively. We will review the challenges that surrounded the management of the prismatic cases of these two disorders and the advances that have occurred since the initial descriptions.For example, the biochemical testing for pheochromocytomas has progress...

The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism results in either the surgical cure of hypertension or targeted pharmacotherapy. The two major subtypes of primary aldosteronism are unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and bilateral idiopathic hyperplasia (IHA). Patients with APA are usually treated with unilateral adrenalectomy, and patients with IHA are treated medically. Most patients with primary aldosteronism have IHA and require pharmacotherapy. Because of the recent rec...

The first patient with a catecholamine-secreting paraganglioma that was sucessfully resected was in 1926. Over the past 97 years, there has been a dramatic evolution in the clinical presentation, methods used to diagnose and localize, and germline genetic testing of paragangliomas (PGLs). When contrasted to adrenal pheochromocytoma, PGLs present the clinician with unique challenges, which include: 1) diverse location—they may be located anywhere from the tympanic membrane...

W F Young Jr, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA AbstractProf. William Young is Professor of Medicine at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Vice-Chair of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition. He received his MD degree from Michigan State University. Prof. Young trained in endocrinology and metabolism at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. He has been a member of the staff at Mayo ...